想知道 Docker Compose 是什么？
Docker 是 DevOps 领域最流行的容器化工具。但是 Docker Compose 是什么？
Docker Compose 用于使用 YAML 文件运行具有多个容器的应用程序。
在多种情况下，您的 Docker 应用程序需要针对不同的技术堆栈运行多个容器。目前，为每个容器构建、运行和连接单独的 dockerfile 可能是一项艰巨的任务。这就是 docker-compose 派上用场的地方。
一个简单的 docker-compose.yml 文件可让您通过运行单个命令来构建、连接和启动所有容器。这对于多个应用程序在容器内运行的生产企业应用程序非常有用。在 Docker 容器内轻松运行数百个应用程序，为您节省大量时间。
安装 Docker Compose
在安装 Compose 之前，系统上必须已安装 Docker。
通过运行以下命令安装 docker-compose。
@:/home/$ sudo curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.23.1/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
[sudo] password for :
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 617 0 617 0 0 1209 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 1209
100 11.1M 100 11.1M 0 0 348k 0 0:00:32 0:00:32 --:--:-- 476k运行以下命令设置文件权限。
@:/home/$ sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose检查是否安装正确应该返回 docker-compose 的版本。
@:/home/$ docker-compose --version
docker-compose version 1.23.1, build b02f1306以下是可与 docker-compose 一起使用的命令列表。
@:/home/$ docker-compose
Define and run multi-container applications with Docker.
Usage:
docker-compose [-f <arg>…] [options] [COMMAND] [ARGS…]
docker-compose -h|--help
Options:
-f, --file FILE Specify an alternate compose file
(default: docker-compose.yml)
-p, --project-name NAME Specify an alternate project name
(default: directory name)
--verbose Show more output
--log-level LEVEL Set log level (DEBUG, INFO, WARNING, ERROR, CRITICAL)
--no-ansi Do not print ANSI control characters
-v, --version Print version and exit
-H, --host HOST Daemon socket to connect to
--tls Use TLS; implied by –tlsverify
--tlscacert CA_PATH Trust certs signed only by this CA
--tlscert CLIENT_CERT_PATH Path to TLS certificate file
--tlskey TLS_KEY_PATH Path to TLS key file
--tlsverify Use TLS and verify the remote
--skip-hostname-check Don’t check the daemon’s hostname against the
name specified in the client certificate
--project-directory PATH Specify an alternate working directory
(default: the path of the Compose file)
--compatibility If set, Compose will attempt to convert deploy
keys in v3 files to their non-Swarm equivalent
Commands:
build Build or rebuild services
bundle Generate a Docker bundle from the Compose file
config Validate and view the Compose file
create Create services
down Stop and remove containers, networks, images, and volumes
events Receive real time events from containers
exec Execute a command in a running container
help Get help on a command
images List images
kill Kill containers
logs View output from containers
pause Pause services
port Print the public port for a port binding
ps List containers
pull Pull service images
push Push service images
restart Restart services
rm Remove stopped containers
run Run a one-off command
scale Set number of containers for a service
start Start services
stop Stop services
top Display the running processes
unpause Unpause services
up Create and start containers
version Show the Docker-Compose version information 
Docker 撰写文件
这是一个示例 docker-compose 文件，可以发挥所有作用。
version: '3'
services:
web:
build: .
ports:
- "5000:5000"
redis:
image: "redis:alpine"该文件的第一行指定正在使用的版本。该数字取决于系统上安装的 Docker 引擎。已安装 Docker 18.09.6，属于 docker-compose 版本 3。有关版本的更多信息，请参阅此处 – https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/compose-versioning/
该 Docker 文件正在运行两个服务/应用程序：Web 和 Redis。 Web 服务是通过 dockerfile 构建的，并在默认的 Flask Web 服务器端口 – 5000 上运行。 Redis 服务通过从 Docker Hub 注册表拉取 Redis 映像来运行。
要运行 docker-compose.yml 文件，我们需要运行一个非常简单的命令： docker-compose up 。
Docker Compose 工作流程
以下是使用 docker-compose 的三个步骤。
- 为每个服务创建一个dockerfile
- 创建 docker-compose.yml 文件来连接所有 dockerfile。
- 通过运行 docker-compose up 命令启动系统
让我们使用之前看到的示例 docker-compose 文件来演示如何创建项目结构。
my-app
|-----web
|---------Dockerfile
|-----redis
|docker-compose.ymlmy-app 是我的主项目目录。该目录包含 web 和 Redis 服务目录以及 docker-compose YAML 文件。 Web 服务 Dockerfile 驻留在 web 目录中。 Redis服务是直接从Docker Hub拉取的，因此Redis目录中不需要dockerfile。 docker-compose 工作流程如下所示：
使用 Docker Compose 容器化 MEAN 堆栈应用程序
我了解基本概念。演示如何使用 docker-compose 将 MEAN 堆栈应用程序容器化。
MEAN 代表 MongoDB、Express、Angular 和 Node.js。使用这些服务组合的应用程序也称为 MEAN/全栈应用程序。
该演示运行三个 Docker 容器。
- 容器 1 – 有角度
- 容器 2 – NodeJS 和 ExpressJS
- 容器3——MongoDB
在此处下载完整的应用程序：http: //bit.ly/2St7r3A （未在生产中进行测试）
用于运行这三个容器的 docker-compose.yml 文件如下所示：
version: '3'
services:
angular:
build: angular-client
ports:
- "4200:4200"
volumes:
- ./angular-client/:/var/www/app
express:
build: express-server
ports:
- "3000:3000"
volumes:
- ./express-server/:/var/www/app
links:
- database
database:
image: mongo
ports:
- "27017:27017"- 第一行指定正在使用的 docker-compose 版本。
- 我们运行三种服务：Angular、Express 和数据库。
- Angular 服务是使用 dockerfile 构建的。它运行在端口4200上，应用程序卷为/var/www/app。
- Express 服务是使用 dockerfile 构建的。 Express 服务器在端口 3000 上运行，卷为 /var/www/app。
- 数据库服务从 dockerhub 拉取 MongoDB 镜像，并在 27017 或之后启动。
将项目解压到您的主目录中并移动到 Angular-client 目录。
@:~$ cd mean
@:~/mean$ cd angular-client 如果您的系统上没有安装 Node Package Manager (npm)，请运行以下命令（如果已安装，请忽略它）。
@:~/mean/angular-client$ sudo apt install npm
[sudo] password for :
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
gyp javascript-common libc-ares2 libhttp-parser2.8 libjs-async libjs-inherits libjs-is-typedarray
libjs-jquery libjs-node-uuid libjs-underscore libssl1.0-dev libuv1 libuv1-dev node-abbrev node-ajv
node-ansi node-ansi-color-table node-ansi-regex node-ansi-styles node-ansistyles node-aproba node-archy
node-are-we-there-yet node-async node-aws-sign2 node-balanced-match node-block-stream node-bluebird
node-boom node-brace-expansion node-builtin-modules node-camelcase node-caseless node-chalk node-cliui
node-clone node-co node-color-convert node-color-name node-combined-stream node-concat-map
node-config-chain node-console-control-strings node-cookie-jar node-copy-concurrently node-core-util-is
node-yallist node-yargs node-yargs-parser nodejs nodejs-dev nodejs-doc
Suggested packages:
apache2 | lighttpd | httpd node-aws-sign node-oauth-sign node-http-signature debhelper
The following NEW packages will be installed:
gyp javascript-common libc-ares2 libhttp-parser2.8 libjs-async libjs-inherits libjs-is-typedarray
libjs-jquery libjs-node-uuid libjs-underscore libssl1.0-dev libuv1 libuv1-dev node-abbrev node-ajv
node-ansi node-ansi-color-table node-ansi-regex node-ansi-styles node-ansistyles node-aproba node-archy
node-are-we-there-yet node-async node-aws-sign2 node-balanced-match node-block-stream node-bluebird
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在 angular-client 目录中运行 npm install。
@:~/mean/angular-client$ npm install
> uws@0.14.5 install /home//mean/angular-client/node_modules/uws
> node-gyp rebuild > build_log.txt 2>&1 || exit 0
> node-sass@4.7.2 install /home//mean/angular-client/node_modules/node-sass
> node scripts/install.js
Downloading binary from https://github.com/sass/node-sass/releases/download/v4.7.2/linux-x64-57_binding.node
Download complete ] - :
Binary saved to /home//mean/angular-client/node_modules/node-sass/vendor/linux-x64-57/binding.node
Caching binary to /home//.npm/node-sass/4.7.2/linux-x64-57_binding.node
> uglifyjs-webpack-plugin@0.4.6 postinstall /home//mean/angular-client/node_modules/webpack/node_modules/uglifyjs-webpack-plugin
> node lib/post_install.js
> node-sass@4.7.2 postinstall /home//mean/angular-client/node_modules/node-sass
> node scripts/build.js
Binary found at /home//mean/angular-client/node_modules/node-sass/vendor/linux-x64-57/binding.node
Testing binary
Binary is fine
added 1457 packages from 1250 contributors in 80.009s接下来，转到express目录并运行npm install。
@:~/mean/angular-client$ cd ..
@:~/mean$ cd express-server/
@:~/mean/express-server$ npm install现在一切都已配置完毕，运行 docker-compose.yml 文件。这将启动所有 Docker 容器并运行 MEAN 堆栈应用程序。
@:~/mean/express-server$ cd ..
@:~/mean$ docker-compose up
Creating network "mean_default" with the default driver
Building angular
Step 1/8 : FROM node:8
8: Pulling from library/node
a4d8138d0f6b: Pull complete
dbdc36973392: Pull complete
f59d6d019dd5: Pull complete
aaef3e026258: Pull complete
6e454d3b6c28: Pull complete
c717a7c205aa: Pull complete
37add8e5ac11: Pull complete
0314ab675d31: Pull complete
012886364728: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:310db2abcff097ef44af205d81833282a6d5471002a1b59d7b7459a74152c856
Status: Downloaded newer image for node:8
---> 8e45c884a32e
Step 2/8 : RUN mkdir -p /var/www/app
---> Running in c70a0cab7994
Removing intermediate container c70a0cab7994
---> 001c5e840b24
Step 3/8 : WORKDIR /var/www/app
---> Running in 622ebdc41b2f
Removing intermediate container 622ebdc41b2f
---> baa2e2347259
Step 4/8 : COPY package.json /var/www/app
---> 5b97543befab
Step 5/8 : RUN npm install
---> Running in 73e3d8b7a701
> uws@9.14.0 install /var/www/app/node_modules/uws
> node-gyp rebuild > build_log.txt 2>&1 || exit 0
> node-sass@4.12.0 install /var/www/app/node_modules/node-sass
> node scripts/install.js
Downloading binary from https://github.com/sass/node-sass/releases/download/v4.12.0/linux-x64-57_binding.node
Download complete
Binary saved to /var/www/app/node_modules/node-sass/vendor/linux-x64-57/binding.node
Caching binary to /root/.npm/node-sass/4.12.0/linux-x64-57_binding.node
> core-js@2.6.9 postinstall /var/www/app/node_modules/core-js
> node scripts/postinstall || echo "ignore"
The project needs your help! Please consider supporting of core-js on Open Collective or Patreon:
> https://opencollective.com/core-js
> https://www.patreon.com/zloirock
> uglifyjs-webpack-plugin@0.4.6 postinstall /var/www/app/node_modules/webpack/node_modules/uglifyjs-webpack-plugin
> node lib/post_install.js
> node-sass@4.12.0 postinstall /var/www/app/node_modules/node-sass
> node scripts/build.js
Binary found at /var/www/app/node_modules/node-sass/vendor/linux-x64-57/binding.node
Testing binary
Binary is fine
added 1606 packages from 1329 contributors and audited 15092 packages in 112.427s
Removing intermediate container 73e3d8b7a701
---> 55790d2fae93
Step 6/8 : COPY . /var/www/app
---> 61537aa487f4
Step 7/8 : EXPOSE 4200
---> Running in 632eedc35a45
Removing intermediate container 632eedc35a45
---> 51e75b0e2ebe
Step 8/8 : CMD ["npm", "start"]
---> Running in 36bbb12a0d38
Removing intermediate container 36bbb12a0d38
---> 9f8d61db600c
Successfully built 9f8d61db600c
Successfully tagged mean_angular:latest
Pulling database (mongo:)...
latest: Pulling from library/mongo
35b42117c431: Pull complete
ad9c569a8d98: Pull complete
293b44f45162: Pull complete
0c175077525d: Pull complete
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e03dcf51513f: Pull complete
c1956a9e136a: Pull complete
4c35cf22b1d5: Pull complete
Building express
Step 1/9 : FROM node:8
---> 8e45c884a32e
Step 2/9 : RUN mkdir -p /var/www/app
---> Using cache
---> 001c5e840b24
Step 3/9 : WORKDIR /var/www/app
---> Using cache
---> baa2e2347259
Step 4/9 : COPY package.json /var/www/app
---> 0232ad53c679
Step 5/9 : RUN npm install
---> Running in c309bf6f218e
added 128 packages from 151 contributors and audited 233 packages in 9.055s
Removing intermediate container c309bf6f218e
---> 49e652884562
Step 6/9 : RUN npm install -g nodemon
---> Running in 0ed5d7f3642b
/usr/local/bin/nodemon -> /usr/local/lib/node_modules/nodemon/bin/nodemon.js
> nodemon@1.19.1 postinstall /usr/local/lib/node_modules/nodemon
> node bin/postinstall || exit 0
Love nodemon? You can now support the project via the open collective:
> https://opencollective.com/nodemon/donate
+ nodemon@1.19.1
added 221 packages from 128 contributors in 18.856s
Removing intermediate container 0ed5d7f3642b
---> 32c55606f35e
Step 7/9 : COPY . /var/www/app
---> a618b38a2812
Step 8/9 : EXPOSE 3000
---> Running in bea389ab3ef1
Removing intermediate container bea389ab3ef1
---> 684bbfb31371
Step 9/9 : CMD ["npm", "start"]
---> Running in 9aa1b72e4a4e
Removing intermediate container 9aa1b72e4a4e
---> 35dcb3df9806
Successfully built 35dcb3df9806
Successfully tagged mean_express:latest
Creating mean_angular_1_de44b3f5b988 ... done
Creating mean_database_1_708f8f9c3c33 ... done
Creating mean_express_1_b57a483a72ee ... done
Attaching to mean_angular_1_f257e2233ef1, mean_database_1_ccc5c677e00b, mean_express_1_574f07b045fc
angular_1_f257e2233ef1 |
angular_1_f257e2233ef1 | > my-app@0.0.0 start /var/www/app
angular_1_f257e2233ef1 | > ng serve -H 0.0.0.0
angular_1_f257e2233ef1 |
database_1_ccc5c677e00b | 2019-07-20T22:33:25.933+0000 I CONTROL [main] Automatically disabling TLS 1.0, to force-enable TLS 1.0 specify --sslDisabledProtocols 'none'
database_1_ccc5c677e00b | 2019-07-20T22:33:25.937+0000 I CONTROL [initandlisten] MongoDB starting : pid=1 port=27017 dbpath=/data/db 64-bit host=f74b56905249
database_1_ccc5c677e00b | 2019-07-20T22:33:25.937+0000 I CONTROL [initandlisten] db version v4.0.10
database_1_ccc5c677e00b | 2019-07-20T22:33:25.937+0000 I CONTROL [initandlisten] git version: c389e7f69f637f7a1ac3cc9fae843b635f20b766
database_1_ccc5c677e00b | 2019-07-20T22:33:25.937+0000 I CONTROL [initandlisten] OpenSSL version: OpenSSL 1.0.2g 1 Mar 2016
database_1_ccc5c677e00b | 2019-07-20T22:33:25.937+0000 I CONTROL [initandlisten] allocator: tcmalloc
database_1_ccc5c677e00b | 2019-07-20T22:33:25.937+0000 I CONTROL [initandlisten] modules: none
database_1_ccc5c677e00b | 2019-07-20T22:33:25.937+0000 I CONTROL [initandlisten] build environment:
database_1_ccc5c677e00b | 2019-07-20T22:33:25.937+0000 I CONTROL [initandlisten] distmod: ubuntu1604
database_1_ccc5c677e00b | 2019-07-20T22:33:25.937+0000 I CONTROL [initandlisten] distarch: x86_64
database_1_ccc5c677e00b | 2019-07-20T22:33:25.937+0000 I CONTROL [initandlisten] target_arch: x86_64
database_1_ccc5c677e00b | 2019-07-20T22:33:25.937+0000 I CONTROL [initandlisten] options: { net: { bindIpAll: true } }
express_1_574f07b045fc |
express_1_574f07b045fc | > express-server@0.0.0 start /var/www/app
express_1_574f07b045fc | > nodemon ./bin/www
express_1_574f07b045fc |
express_1_574f07b045fc | [nodemon] 1.19.1
express_1_574f07b045fc | [nodemon] to restart at any time, enter `rs`
express_1_574f07b045fc | [nodemon] watching: *.*
express_1_574f07b045fc | [nodemon] starting `node ./bin/www`
database_1_ccc5c677e00b | 2019-07-20T22:33:33.543+0000 I NETWORK [listener] connection accepted from 172.19.0.4:38958 #1 (1 connection now open)
database_1_ccc5c677e00b | 2019-07-20T22:33:33.560+0000 I NETWORK [conn1] received client metadata from 172.19.0.4:38958 conn1: { driver: { name: "nodejs", version: "3.0.1" }, os: { type: "Linux", name: "linux", architecture: "x64", version: "4.18.0-25-generic" }, platform: "Node.js v8.16.0, LE, mongodb-core: 3.0.1" }
express_1_574f07b045fc | mongodb: connected
angular_1_f257e2233ef1 | ** NG Live Development Server is listening on 0.0.0.0:4200, open your browser on http://localhost:4200/ **
angular_1_f257e2233ef1 | Date: 2019-07-21T11:21:03.868Z - Hash: 639d9a968476ed482b5c - Time: 336ms
angular_1_f257e2233ef1 | 4 unchanged chunks
angular_1_f257e2233ef1 | chunk {main} main.bundle.js (main) 19.8 kB [initial] [rendered]
angular_1_f257e2233ef1 |
angular_1_f257e2233ef1 | webpack: Compiled successfully.
angular_1_f257e2233ef1 | webpack: Compiling...
angular_1_f257e2233ef1 | Date: 2019-07-21T11:25:15.661Z - Hash: e5a2b1c1afe0deb396c3 - Time: 251ms
angular_1_f257e2233ef1 | 4 unchanged chunks
angular_1_f257e2233ef1 | chunk {main} main.bundle.js (main) 19.8 kB [initial] [rendered]
angular_1_f257e2233ef1 |
angular_1_f257e2233ef1 | webpack: Compiled successfully.转到您的浏览器并检查 https://localhost:4200，您的应用程序将启动并运行。
通过访问https://localhost:3000验证 Express 服务器是否正在运行。
您还可以运行 docker image 命令来查看 docker 中存在的所有映像。
@:~/mean$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mean_express latest 35dcb3df9806 14 hours ago 923MB
mean_angular latest 9f8d61db600c 14 hours ago 1.29GB
node 8 8e45c884a32e 9 days ago 895MB
mongo latest 785c65f61380 2 weeks ago 412MB运行以下命令查看 docker 内运行的容器。
@:~/mean$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
681c9c34bee2 mean_express "docker-entrypoint.s…" 14 hours ago Up 14 hours 0.0.0.0:3000->3000/tcp mean_express_1_574f07b045fc
f74b56905249 mongo "docker-entrypoint.s…" 14 hours ago Up 14 hours 0.0.0.0:27017->27017/tcp mean_database_1_ccc5c677e00b
260ef1e52dab mean_angular "docker-entrypoint.s…" 14 hours ago Up 14 hours 0.0.0.0:4200->4200/tcp mean_angular_1_f257e2233ef1所有三个 Docker 容器现已启动并运行。
Docker-compose 可以轻松处理所有容器的运行。这是运行三个容器的简单示例。您可以想象，如果您的应用程序需要在数百个容器上启动，这会有多有用。现在尝试一下，看看它是如何工作的。
“如何安装 Docker Compose 和设置？”的简单易懂的解释您必须观看的最佳 2 个视频
【docker-compose講座1】概要 / docker-compose.ymlファイル / Service, build, ports, command ディレクティブ【10:46】
【2021年最新】Docker環境構築入門｜14分でdocker-composeまで完全解説！【windows/mac対応】Dockerの使い方
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